Spotify just added another major piece to its direct licensing puzzle—signing a new multi-year agreement with Kobalt, the largest independent music publisher in the world.

Announced in August 2025, the deal is light on specifics but heavy on implications. Both sides described it as delivering “greater flexibility, efficiency, value, and protections to songwriters in the U.S.” Kobalt CEO Laurent Hubert called it “a step in the right direction” and reaffirmed the company’s commitment to ensuring fair pay for its roster.

This follows Spotify’s January 2025 deal with Universal Music Group and its UMPG publishing arm, and its February agreement with Warner Music Group and Warner Chappell—cementing a clear trend: Spotify is moving away from collective licensing through PROs like ASCAP, BMI, and PRS, and toward direct negotiations with large publishers.

Why This Matters

Big publishers win. Direct deals give them custom royalty rates, richer analytics, and the ability to audit plays in real time. Kobalt, for example, can now access more granular usage data straight from Spotify, allowing it to make better-informed business decisions for its songwriters.

Small songwriters lose. For many independents, PROs are the only negotiating muscle they have. Without them, you’re left to accept whatever terms Spotify offers—often without the right to see how your royalties were calculated.

Less oversight. PROs act as a watchdog, ensuring accurate reporting and payment. Without that middle layer, Spotify controls the data, and unless your contract guarantees audit rights, you may never know if the numbers are right.

The Direct Deal Landscape in 2025

By striking direct agreements with publishers like Kobalt, UMPG, and Warner Chappell, Spotify can:

• Negotiate royalty rates outside statutory requirements
• Bundle music with other products (like audiobooks or podcasts) without triggering higher payouts
• Collect cleaner, more detailed metadata from publishers
• Maintain greater control over usage data and payments

For publishers, these deals can mean:

• Higher royalty rates for their catalogs
• Faster, more accurate performance data
• Stronger leverage in platform negotiations

The Upside

For major publishers, this is a win—faster payouts, cleaner metadata, and fewer bureaucratic delays.

The Downside

For everyone else, it’s a more fragmented, less fair system. Two co-writers on the same track could see wildly different payouts—one benefiting from a custom-negotiated rate via a big publisher, the other stuck with a generic Spotify deal.

And with Spotify’s track record of bundling music with other media to lower royalty obligations, the absence of a third-party watchdog means creators have to simply trust the company’s calculations.

What You Should Do Right Now

• Know who’s licensing your songs. Is it your PRO, your publisher, or did you unknowingly give Spotify direct rights?
• Read your contracts. Look for clauses about audit rights, data access, and payment terms.
• Track your own data. Maintain independent logs of streams, sales, and syncs to spot mismatches.
• Support artist-first platforms. Use distributors that prioritize transparency over bundling strategies.

Bottom Line

Spotify’s deals with Kobalt, UMPG, and Warner Chappell mark a clear pivot toward a system where leverage equals income. The winners will be those who know their rights, demand transparency, and align with platforms and publishers who protect—not just profit from—their work.

Because in this new licensing world, the fight isn’t for more plays—it’s for a fair share of the plays you already have.